Italian Interrogatives (Pronomi Interrogativi)

In the Italian language, questions beginning with an interrogative word, the subject is usually placed at the end of the sentence. Quando guarda la TV Michele?  (When does Michael watch TV?) Prepositions such as  a, di, con,  and  per  always precede the interrogative  chi. In Italian, a question never ends with a preposition. A chi scrivono?  (To whom are they writing?)Di chi à ¨ questa chiave?  (Whose key is this?)Con chi uscite stasera?  (Who(m) are you going out with tonight?) Che  and  cosa  are abbreviated forms of  che cosa. The forms are interchangeable. Che cosa bevi?  (What are you drinking?)Che dici?  (What are you saying?)Cosa fanno i bambini?  (What are the children doing?) As with all adjectives, the interrogative adjectives agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify, except for  che, which is invariable. Quali parole ricordi?  (Which words do you remember?)Che libri leggi?  (What books do you read?)Quante ragazze vengono?  (How many girls are coming?) Che cos’à ¨...?  (Che cosa à ¨, cos’à ¨) expresses English  What is...?  in a request for a definition or an explanation. Che cos’à ¨ la semiotica?  (What is semiotics?) Qual à ¨ expresses  What is...?  when the answer involves a choice, or when one requests information such as a name, telephone number, or address. Qual à ¨ la tua materia preferita?  (What’s your favorite subject?)Qual à ¨ il numero di Roberto?  (What is Roberto’s number?) Interrogative Pronouns CHI? Who? Whom? Chi sei? CHE COSA? What? Cosa dici? QUALE? Which (one/s)? Quale giornale vuoi? Interrogative Adjectives CHE? (inv.) What? What kind of? Che macchina ha? QUALE? (pl. QUALI) Which? Quali libri leggete? QUANTO/A/I/E? How much? How many? Quanta pazienza avete? Interrogative Adverbs COME + È?*(inv.) How? Come sta Giancarlo? DOVE + È?* Where? Dov’à ¨ la biblioteca? PERCHÉ? Why? Perchà © non dormono? QUANDO? When? Quando parte Pietro? *Come à ¨ Com’à ¨*Dove à ¨ Dov’à ¨

The American Drug Culture - 2879 Words

Introduction - Use of psychoactive substances for recreational purposes is not a radically new social issue. In fact, history tells us that almost every society had their own pharmacopeia of herbs, potions, and substances that not only contributed to healing, but also allowed the user to escape reality (Schules 1992, 4-5). However, it is the contemporary use of psychoactive drugs purchased through illicit or illegal channels and used by persons neither prescribed nor in quantities larger than necessary that defines modern drug abuse (Robins 2006). Prior to World War I, substances like morphine, heroin, and cocaine were available in the major American cities, particularly those with active international ports. For instance, when Chinese immigrants were first imported to work in the mines and railroads during the early 1800s, they brought opium to America. It was the leisure class, who began to experiment with this drug, and, as in Europe, many major U.S. cities had so-called opium den s. In addition, there were a substantial number of society women who ended up addicted because their doctor prescribed this drug to deal with female histrionics or to cure an excessive sexual appetite (Johnson 2002). Within major cities, this problem began to spill over into other groups: prostitutes, child laborers, orphans, and even men and women of lower social classes seeking to escape the harshness of their lives (Courtwright 2002, 3-19). Between the widespread use and generalShow MoreRelatedThe War On Drugs By Richard Nixon1684 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"War on Drugs† is a term which was popularized by Richard Nixon after his declaration that drug abuse is the first problem to solve. So this term means an American campaign of prohibition of drugs, military aid and military intervention, and other actions to stop the illegal drug trades. 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Treatment of Inflammatory Disease

Question: Discuss about theTreatment of Inflammatory Disease. Answer: Introduction There are different types of cells that constitute the immune system. These cells act in different ways to protect the body and eliminate the pathogens. Helminths are parasites that are capable of causing various health problems if they invade the human body. However, there are several studies being conducted which suggest that helminths can be used for preventing the inflammatory diseases in the body. The reason for this proposition is the enhanced number and functioning of the regulatory T cells (type of immune system cells) during the infection of helminths (Linda, et. al. 2014). Some studies conducted in the heminth endemic areas also suggested that asthma and allergy can be protected with helminths infection (Helena, 2015. There are various inflammatory diseases that have been studied to identify the impact of helminth infection and their treatment including inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis (Linda, et. al, 2014) but there is no valid evidence for supporting this. The clinical trial of heminths therapy in the patients with hyperinflammatory diseases are being conducted in some affluent countries and the results of these trials can help in establishing some facts about this paradox (Linda, et. al. 2014). If valid proofs are established in support of this hypothesis than there will development of new drug for treating inflammatory diseases. References Helmby, H. (2015, March 26). Human Helminth Therapy to Treat Inflammatory Disorders-Where do We Stand? Retrieved from https://bmcimmunol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12865-015-0074-3 Wammes, L. J., et. al. (2014, June). Helminth Therapy or Elimination: Epidemiological, Immunological and Clinical Considerations. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263548405_Helminth_therapy_or_elimination_Epidemiological_immunological_and_clinical_considerations

Important For Companies Since Management â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Important For Companies Since Management? Answer: Introduction Data analytic is very important for companies since it helps the management of various businesses to draw conclusions from a set of collected data. Data analytic is the process that involves examining sets of data so as to obtain meaningful information that can be used to draw conclusions. These conclusions can then be used as the basis of making decisions by an organization. This tool is very important since it gives statistical data that is measurable and reliable. There are a variety of data analytics technologies and techniques that companies` use to analyze information in their organizations. The information can be about market trends, customer data and even data on competitors. It is important since it helps managers to make very informed decisions (Bartlett , 2013). This report uses Coca Cola Company as the case study for this assessment. The report seeks to identify how the company uses data analytics to help manage churn. The business problem that is facing the company is th e increased competition in the market which threatens its market share. The company seeks to obtain data from customers regarding their preferences and how their needs can be met more effectively. The report also examines Coca Cola method of operation and potential for increasing efficiency in the company. The data analysis methods used by the company as well as communication strategies and the significance of the data to stakeholder is also discussed. Purpose of the case study The purpose of this case study is to examine how data analytics can be used by a company to reduce customer attrition. This study focuses on Coca cola to help us identify how the company has been able to successfully use data to help to maintain its customer base and prevent customers from changing allegiance. The study will use real examples of how Coca Cola has used data analytics to generate important information that can be used for decision making regarding customers (Surma,Go?rniakowska Gee,2011) Definition of the business problem In the recent years, Coca Cola Company has noticed a decrease in its sales especially in the US. This decrease in sales can be attributed to many factors in the market. One of the factors that contributed to the decline in the sales of coca cola was due to increased health consciousness among consumers (Marr, 2015). In the year 2016, the sales for the companies carbonated drinks reduced by 0.8%. The decline for Diet coke alone was recorded at 4.3%. This decrease in sales can also be attributed to customer attrition because of increased competition in the market. This paper therefore seeks to establish how Coca Cola Company uses data analytics to prevent or manage customer attrition. Current method of operation Coca cola is a global company but it operates in local units in all the areas it does business. The company has a system where it vets and appoints bottling companies which act as their partners. The coca cola company has more than 250 bottlers globally (Albright, Winston zappe 2011).The company operates through a decentralized system. Coca cola manufactures concentrates, beverage bases and syrup and sells them to bottling companies. The company owns the brand of the products made from its concentrates and syrup. The company is also in charge of marketing initiatives to help reach the final consumer and influence sales. The bottling partners of Coca cola are responsible for manufacturing, packaging, merchandising and distributing coca cola products. The retailer is the final point in the distribution cycle of the company. Coca cola partners also met in the year 2007 and developed a set of performance indicators. The company faces a challenge in consolidating economic data and theref ore, most of the corporate partners prepare their individual corporate responsibility reports. However, the company is focused on ensuring that their standards are met by the bottler partners to ensure that the brand name of coca cola remains strong. Potential for efficiency Increased efficiency can be achieved in the Coca cola model of operation through consolidation of its market globally. The companys operations are so fragmented to the point of the company losing control of how the company performs in the region. The consolidation of operations will help the company to reduce operational costs of coordinating all the markets its operating in. Consolidation will also help the company to focus on understanding the needs of consumers better. This will help the company to meet the needs of the consumers and to gain competitive advantage (Showers, 2015). Efficiency can also be increased by coca cola by sourcing out the marketing and advertising role to third parties. This should be mainly a marketing company to help draw strategies to target different market segments. This will also help coca cola to cut on costs of marketing which constitutes the biggest expenditure by the company. Available data Coca cola depends on data from various sources to help it in understanding market trends and also competition in the industry. This data is very important since it helps coca cola in fulfilling the needs of the customers by understanding their needs better. The data is also collected on the industry competitiveness, new players entering and leaving the market. Coca cola`s data on the sales volumes achieved in the various regions it operates in Is also available (Davenport, Harris morison,2010). The model of operation of coca cola makes it somehow difficult to collect, analyze and compare data since each market has different characteristics and needs. The customers are also different in each of the markets that the company operates. In addition to this, coca cola can also access data on its competitors. It is very important for any company to have optimum knowledge about the competitor since it helps in designing strategies. Data on the sales of competitors, the new products being lau nched as well as loss or gain in customer base is also available. The data is from varying diverse sources which provides an opportunity for the company to compare the data. The data comes from journals such as Euromonitor International, Unesda Statista (Foreman,2013). Magazines such as the Financial Times are also used as important source of data. There are also various organizations that conduct data on industry trends and consumption behavior in the soft drinks industry which are able to track data on the industry in a timely manner. There are also a variety of other companies who conduct yearly research and they provide important data which is good for reference. Coca cola keeps financial records which help in making decisions by the management. The company prepares yearly report and presents them to stakeholders to help evaluate the financial position of the company. The data on the performance of the company is also analyzed to help to examine the factors which impact on the performance of the company. The data collected from various sources as stated above is used by coca cola to reduce customer attrition. This data is scientifically analyzed to help understand the customer better and therefore fulfill their needs. Some of the strategies that can be undertaken to prevent customer attrition include improving product quality, diversifying product, increased advertisement to counter competitors and ensuring fair pricing of the companys products (Provost Fawcett, 2013). The strategy to be employed will depend on the conclusions drawn from the data collected. Key Metrics Data for this case study is measured using different methods depending on the aspects under consideration. The financial data can be measured using balance sheets, income statements and cash flow statements. This helps to identify the financial performance of the company in the markets in which it operates. If the performance is seen to have gone down, then it means that the company is losing customers and corrective action needs to be taken. Financial data is compared with previous years performance and the predetermined goals (Delen, 2015). The other key performance metric is the comparison of sales with those of closets competitors. The trend determined here can help the company to know whether or not it is experiencing customer attrition. Data analysis methods The data analysis methods used by the company depend on the type of data collected. Quantitative data is analyzed using methods such as predictive focusing by designing an hypothesis which is compared with the outcome of the data analyzed. The exploratory data analysis technique is also used to analyze data. In this case, analysts apply exploratory techniques to help understand the messages in the data. Descriptive statistics are also integrated in this model. Data visualization is used to examine the patterns by drawing table and graphs. This helps the researcher to interpret the data in a clearer manner. The relationship between variables can be determined using the correlation, regression and t-test. The tools that can be used to analyze the data include SPSS and Excel spreadsheet. The following is sample of data collected on the customers preference of either coke diet or other types of coca cola products; Name of product/category No of loyal customers Coke diet 239 Mineral water 105 Other coca cola drinks 156 From the sample data presented, an histogram graph can be generated that can be able to indicate the customers preference for each of the products listed. Conclusions can be drawn from the graph which can help in decision making. Communication of results After the analysis of data collected from various secondary and primary sources it is important that the data is communicated to various stakeholders. Communication of the results of the data analysis is important in order to help in drawing conclusions and decision making. This information is communicated in various formats such as graphs and tables. These data visualization techniques help to communicate clearly and efficiently. The visualization technique will help users to get an overview of the outcomes without necessarily having to read the report itself. Stakeholders There are various stakeholders in coca cola Company who may be interested in the report on the data collected. One of the major stakeholders interested in these analytics is the management team of the company. The management needs information to be able to make decisions and design strategies on behalf of the company. This information helps in preventing customer attrition. The other stakeholders include the shareholders of the company, future investors, employees of the company as well as other cooperate partners. The other who may be interested in this data are the general public since the company is listed. Presenting insight to stakeholders The insights of the data analytics should be presented to stakeholders in the simplest way possible. The presentation should be clear and simple to understand. The data is presented by the use of graphs and tables and other visual features which may be necessary. The insights of from the data can also be presented using frequency distribution. Graphical presentation may be bar graphs, histogram, pie chart or line graph. The collected data needs to be copied in a data analysis tool such as SPSS or Microsoft Excel. From there, the graphs can be easily developed to help give insight into the data entered into the system. Benefits and consequences There are many benefits of using data analytics. The major benefit is that it helps in decision making process. Numerical and up to date data can be used by the management of the company to make decisions that help to reduce attrition among customers. The management can improve products quality or improve advertising effort. The data helps the company in understanding customer needs and doing everything necessary to meet consumer needs. The data can also be used by the company to understand their competitors better and to gain insight into the market trends and therefore help the company to design strategies that will give the company competitive advantage. The data can be used by investors to make investment decisions. This depends on how the company is performing and whether or not the company is making enough profits. Data analytics are helping coca cola launch new products that are popular with customers and hence helping coca cola to maintain its customers and market share. The company is also focusing on developing products that are health conscious and hence reducing customer attrition. The challenges that may be faced in implementing of the recommendation include the data collected may be inaccurate and therefore mislead the management when making the decision. This can result to wrong decisions by arrived at by the management. Another challenge is that the problem detected may not be controlled by the organization since it is an external management issue. An example of this are government legislation`s which may affect business operations. Conclusion Data analytics is very important for various companies. Data analytics helps in analyzing and interpreting data in such a way that it generates useful information. This information can be used by the management of the company in making informed decisions. The information obtained from data analytics can be used by various other shareholders to help them in decision making. This report analyzes the sources of data for coca cola and the tools and methods used to analyze this data. The presentation methods are also discussed as well as the benefits and consequences of the data obtained by the company. References Albright, s. C., winston, w. L., zappe, c. J. (2011). Data analysis and decision making. Mason, ohio, south-western/cengage learning. Bartlett, r. (2013). A practitioner's guide to business analytics: Using data analysis tools to improve your organization's decision making and strategy. New york, mcgraw-hill professional. Black, k. (2010). Business statistics: For contemporary decision making. Hoboken, nj, wiley. Davenport, t. H., harris, j. G., morison, r. (2010). Analytics at work: Smarter decisions, better results. Http://www.books24x7.com/marc.asp?Bookid=36278. Delen, d. (2015). Real-world data mining: Applied business analytics and decision making. Upper saddle river, new jersey, pearson education ltd. Http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/9780133551150. Icdsst (conference), delibas?ic?, b. (2015). Decision support systems v -- big data analytics for decision making: First international conference, icdsst 2015, belgrade, serbia, may 27-29, 2015, proceedings. Http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18533-0. Foreman, j. W. (2013). Data smart using data science to transform information into insight. Hoboken, wiley. Kossovsky, n., miller, t. A. (2010). Managing risk and reputation to create enterprise value. Indianapolis, trafford publishing. Marr, b. (2015). Big data: Using smart big data, analytics and metrics to make better decisions and improve performance. Provost, f., fawcett, t. (2013). Data science for business: What you need to know about data mining and data-analytic thinking. Sebastopol, ca, o'reilly media. Http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?P=1323973. Rainer, r. K., cegielski, c. G., splettstoesser-hogeterp, i., sanchez-rodriguez, c. (2013). Introduction to information systems: Supporting and transforming business. .. Library analytics and metrics. Using data to drive decisions and services. London, facet publishing. Surma, j., go?rniakowska, m., gee, p. (2011). Business intelligence: Making decisions through data analytics. New york, n.y., business expert press

Acids and Bases - Calculating pH of a Strong Base

Acids and Bases - Calculating pH of a Strong Base KOH is an example of a strong base, which means it dissociates into its ions in aqueous solution. Although the pH of KOH or potassium hydroxide is extremely high (usually ranging from 10 to 13 in typical solutions), the exact value depends on the concentration of this strong base in water. So, its important to know how to perform the pH calculation. Strong Base pH Question What is the pH of a 0.05 M solution of Potassium Hydroxide? Solution Potassium Hydroxide or KOH, is a strong base and will dissociate completely in water to K and OH-. For every mole of KOH, there will be 1 mole of OH-, so the concentration of OH- will be the same as the concentration of KOH. Therefore, [OH-] 0.05 M. Since the concentration of OH- is known, the pOH value is more useful. pOH is calculated by the formula pOH - log [OH-] Enter the concentration found before pOH - log (0.05)pOH -(-1.3)pOH 1.3 The value for pH is needed and the relationship between pH and pOH is given by pH pOH 14 pH 14 - pOHpH 14 - 1.3pH 12.7 Answer The pH of a 0.05 M solution of Potassium Hydroxide is 12.7.

Esl And Reading Theories Midterm Essays - Language Education

Esl And Reading Theories Midterm Essays - Language Education Esl And Reading Theories Midterm Mid-Term/Spring 1998 This Termpaper was for an Educational Class for the Teaching Credential Program. The questions listed below describe various theories and questions related to ESL and reading. Hope you find this paper useful. I got an 'A' for this termpaper Bibliography : Author - Ruddell Reading in Secondary Education 1. Krashen's theory of comprehensible input states: We learn a second language containing linguistic structures that are just beyond the structures we already know. (Ruddell, Page 341). According to Krashen, Comprehensible input is symbolized by the following formulated statement: i (input + 1). This means that comprehensible input is just beyond our current level of competence in which we can construct new meanings. Thus, we can construct new meanings with what we already know about language, world knowledge, contextual information, and extralingual information. Krashen also states that we Acquire new structures in a second language not by focusing on the structures themselves, but by understanding the meaning of a communication containing those new structures. (Ruddell, Page 341). Language acquisition environment and language learning environment differ by theory. According to Krashen, Acquisition of a language occurs as a subconscious process as we encounter and use a second language for some communicative purpose. (Ruddell, Page 340). Krashen also states that Conscious learning of a language occurs as we study formally the grammar, structure, and lexicon of a language. (Ruddell, Page 340). Hence, Krashen views acquisition to be the main reason for second-language development. The optimal conditions needed for L2 acquisition, according to Krashen, can be stated as People acquire second languages when they obtain comprehensible input and when their affective filters are low enough to allow the input in. Furthermore, second l language acquisition will occur in classes taught in the second language if the student can understand what is going on in the class; that is, when input is comprehensible. (Ruddell, Page 342). What are two strategies that I can use in my classroom so that language-related problems are not as likely to interfere with the academic aspirations of language minority students? a. I plan on teaching history! Therefore, one strategy I could use is Co-operative learning! Students who have language-related problems can work with other students on projects that I will give in class. These groups can assist those who have language-related problems by working as a team to solve the projects I give them. b. I can also write words from the text that I feel are important to know. For instance, most history books in high school have words that are in bold print. If some of these words are difficult (i.e. - Tyranny, Totalitarian, Anarchy, ect.), I would write these words on the board and introduce those words to the students. I would give the meaning of those words on the board and give examples that correspond to those words. I can even ask them to use these words in sentences if need be! 2. The assumption that language minority students have become English proficient when they have acquired relatively fluent and peer-appropriate face-to-face communicative skills is a misconception. Why? According to Cummins, he estimates that ESL students acquire age-appropriate conversational proficiency (BIC) in about two years, while academic proficiency (CALP) requires 5 to 7 years. (Ruddell, Page 342). Thus, he warns, to Refrain from assuming that second language students' proficiency in conversational English is a true measure of their proficiency in science, or social studies, or mathematics. (Ruddell, Page 342). Cummins also argues that schools placed ESL students in Special Education classes through inappropriate testing practices based on faulty assumptions about a students ability to speak English. Just because an ESL student can speak English fluently doesn't mean that he/she is literate in their understanding of the English language. For example, if I understood Spanish fluently, people would assume that I could get an 'A' in my Spanish classes. Even if I could speak this language easily doesn't mean that I could read or write in that language. Take for another example: illiterate people. That are lots of people in the United States who can speak English easily. But when it comes to reading or writing, they fail. I had one lady ask me if a rubber mat fabric had adhesive on the back side.

Organisational Change Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 11

Organisational Change Management - Essay Example In this regard, the council, through a consultant has been advised to use Appreciative Inquiry 5D to overcome the problem facing the organization and to allow them offer better services to the council. The use of AI 5D involves identifying the strengths rather than weaknesses to bring change in the organization, this paper then discusses the use of AI 5D in bring the necessary change in the council (Englund, Graham, and Paul 2006, p.35). Definition The main concern of the change process in the council is necessitated by the higher levels of absenteeism by the employees who abscond their duties most of the time, they do not show up to take care of their duties and this has led to the emergence of some of the problems associated with absenteeism. The department that was worst hit in this case was that of the elderly care in the council, the care managers then became concerned about the situation as it aggravated the condition of elderly in the council that needed the support of the emp loyees. With the absenteeism rate spiralling, there are a number of issues that became apparent for action to be taken so that change could be brought. One of the salient problems that became out of control was the decline in the quality of the services that was being offered by the council, due to the widespread absenteeism, the quality of the services that was being provided by the council experienced significant drop owing to the fact that there were few employees who showed up. This made it possible for the work to be strenuous to the few individuals who turned up and the demands of the department could not be fully achieved hence decline in the quality of the services (Tennant 2012, p.47). The absenteeism factor also created another problem in the council’s department where the employees who turned up for their duties were subjected to more duties than prescribed so that they could cover for the duties that were to be done by the other workers who decided to be absent. B ecause of these, it became strenuous and stressful to the few workers who maintained reporting for their duties, they worked more than necessary and it was envisaged that if the trend continues, there would be possibility of breakdown and burnout that will definitely impair the performance of the employees who showed up for their duties every day. This consequence too made it prudent for the organization to find a solution to the challenge that was facing the organization as it was bedevilling the performance in more than one way (Reed 2007, p.53). The colleagues that were absent for work had to be covered for by those who turned up, this explains why there was more duties for those who showed up resulting into stressful work (Kluwer 2008, p.58). Lastly, absenteeism also had serious economic consequences for the council, ordinarily employees should be paid for the services that they offer to the organization that employs them, if these services are not offered, then there should be no payments given to the employees. If this happens, there will be obvious losses incurred by the organization, in this respect, the employees that had been out of their duties in the organization were causing serious economic pinch to the organizati